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——浙大迪迅 译

背景：农村儿童患哮喘和特应性疾病的风险比城市儿童低。然而，非农业农村家庭的室内微生物群是否能提供保护尚不清楚。

方法：研究旨在探究农村和城市婴儿床上的微生物是否与特应性疾病的后期发展有关。在COPSAC2010前瞻性队列研究中，研究了6个月大婴儿(n = 514)床上真菌和细菌与6岁时哮喘、变应性鼻炎、湿疹和气致过敏原致敏风险的关系。

结果：后来发生变应性鼻炎的儿童床上真菌和细菌多样性较低（−0.22[−0.43，−0.01]，padj = 0.04和−.24[−0.42，−0.05]，padj = 0.01），并且在后来发展为哮喘（−41.34[−76.95，−5.73]，padj = 0.02）或过敏性鼻炎（−45.65[−81.19，−10.10]，padj =0 .01）的儿童床上发现了较低的细菌丰富度。有趣的是，在发生湿疹的儿童床上发现了更高的真菌多样性和丰富度(0.23 [0.02,0.43]，padj =0.03和29.21 [1.59,56.83]，padj =0.004)。本研究定义了一组有限的真菌和细菌属来预测农村/城市环境。一些与农村相关的细菌属，如罗姆布茨菌和芽孢杆菌，以及真菌属，如戴顿斯氏格孢和蜈蚣衣，也与包括湿疹在内的疾病风险降低有关。这些预测生活环境的真菌和细菌与哮喘和过敏性鼻炎有关，但与湿疹无关，农村成分具有保护作用。床尘细菌介导了27%的农村生活环境对变应性鼻炎的保护作用(p = 0.04)。

结论：床尘微生物可能与气道和皮肤相关疾病有不同的相关性。农村和城市婴儿不同的床尘微生物群可能会影响他们以后患哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的风险。

原始出处
Clin Exp Allergy
[IF: 5.131]
Fungi and bacteria in the beds of rural and urban infants correlate with later risk of atopic diseases
DOI: 10.1111/cea.14414
Abstract:
Introduction:Rural children have a lower risk of asthma and atopic diseases than urban children. However, whether indoor microbiota in non-farming rural homes provides protection is unclear.
Methods:Here, we examine if microbes in the beds of rural and urban infants are associated with later development of atopic diseases. We studied fungi and bacteria in the beds of 6-month-old infants (n = 514) in association with the risk of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and aeroallergen sensitization at 6 years of age in the prospective COPSAC2010 cohort.
Results:Both fungal and bacterial diversity were lower in the beds of children, who later developed allergic rhinitis (−0.22 [−0.43,−0.01], padj = .04 and −.24 [−0.42,−0.05], padj = .01 respectively) and lower bacterial richness was discovered in beds of children later developing asthma (−41.34 [−76.95,−5.73], padj = .02) or allergic rhinitis (−45.65[−81.19,−10.10], padj = .01). Interestingly, higher fungal diversity and richness were discovered in the beds of children developing eczema (0.23 [0.02,0.43], padj = .03 and 29.21 [1.59,56.83], padj = .04 respectively). We defined a limited set of fungal and bacterial genera that predicted rural/urban environment. Some rural-associated bacterial genera such as Romboutsia and Bacillus and fungal genera Spegazzinia and Physcia were also associated with reduced risk of diseases, including eczema. These fungal and bacterial fingerprints predicting the living environment were associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis, but not eczema, with rural compositions being protective. The bed dust bacteria mediated 27% of the protective association of a rural living environment for allergic rhinitis (p = .04).
Conclusions:Bed dust microbes can be differentially associated with airway- and skin-related diseases. The differing bed dust microbiota between rural and urban infants may influence their later risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
First Author:
Jenni Lehtimäki 
Corresponding author:
Jakob Stokholm
Correspondence:
COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Alle 34, Gentofte 2820, Denmark.
Email: stokholm@copsac.com